新型层合多波段伪装器材研究

伪装器材是提高己方武器装备、设施及参战人员战时生存能力、保存有效战斗力的重要技术手段。采用来源广、价格低廉、伪装效果好的普通材料,给出了一种新型多层复合伪装器材的制作方案,并据此提供了产成品。该产品在红外到雷达波波段内都有良好的伪装隐身效果。     

高熔体强度聚丙烯中长支链结构的分析与表征方法新进展

高熔体强度聚丙烯（high melt strength polypropylene,HMSPP）是具有较高熔体强度和弹性、在熔融拉伸时存在应变硬化现象的一种新型聚丙烯材料。近年来,对长支链（LCB）型HMSPP（LCB-HMSPP）的研发引起了学术界和工业界的广泛关注。在利用各种方法和工艺制备LCB-HMSPP之后,所得聚合物是否具有长支链结构,长支链的化学组成、密度及链长度等拓扑结构信息,都需要通过各种仪器分析与表征方法对其进行定性或定量验证。本文着重对傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）法、核磁共振碳谱（¹³C NMR）法、凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）及其联用方法、流变学表征法和结晶行为表征法在LCB-HMSPP中LCB链结构分析与表征中的研究新进展进行总结和评述,介绍了这些方法各自的优缺点和适用性并对这些方法进行了对比,最后对用于LCB-HMSPP中LCB链结构的分析与表征方法研究的未来发展及应用前景进行了展望。     

Operating limits and features of direct air capture on K2CO3/ZrO2 composite sorbent

Potassium carbonate-based sorbents are prospective materials for direct air capture (DAC). In the present study, we examined and revealed the influence of the temperature swing adsorption (TSA) cycle conditions on the CO₂ sorption properties of a novel aerogel-based K₂CO₃/ZrO₂ sorbent in a DAC process. It was shown that the humidity and temperature drastically affect the sorption dynamic and sorption capacity of the sorbent. When a temperature at the sorption stage was 29 ℃ and a water vapor pressure in the feed air was 5.2 mbar (1 bar = 10⁵ Pa), the composite material demonstrated a stable CO₂ sorption capacity of 3.4% (mass). An increase in sorption temperature leads to a continuous decrease in the CO₂ absorption capacity reaching a value of 0.7% (mass) at T = 80 ℃. The material showed the retention of a stable CO₂ sorption capacity for many cycles at each temperature in the range. Increasing P_H2O in the inlet air from 5.2 to 6.8 mbar leads to instability of CO₂ sorption capacity which decreases in the course of 3 consecutive TSA cycles from 1.7% to 0.8% (mass) at T = 29 ℃. A further increase in air humidity only facilitates the deterioration of the CO₂ sorption capacity of the material. A possible explanation for this phenomenon could be the filling of the porous system of the sorbent with solid reaction products and an aqueous solution of potassium salts, which leads to a significant slowdown in the CO₂ diffusion in the composite sorbent grain. To investigate the regeneration step of the TSA cycle in situ, the macro ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopic imaging was applied for the first time. It was shown that the migration of carbonate-containing species over the surface of sorbent occurs during the thermal regeneration stage of the TSA cycle. The movement of the active component in the porous matrix of the sorbent can affect the sorption characteristics of the composite material. The revealed features make it possible to formulate the requirements and limitations that need to be taken into account for the practical implementation of the DAC process using the K₂CO₃/ZrO₂ composite sorbent.     

粉煤灰基沸石用于飞行器尾焰红外抑制的分析与展望

颗粒介质的抗红外辐射方式是飞行器尾焰隐身的重要手段之一。为促进颗粒系材料抑制红外辐射的研究和发展,对尾焰隐身进行了系统分析。红外辐射抑制的内涵在于改变红外波段和削弱红外辐射的强度。通过综述粉煤灰基沸石的研究进展、颗粒材料气溶胶抑制红外辐射和喷射方式的研究进展,结合飞行器尾焰辐射组分分析,总结了目前存在的问题和日后的发展方向。粉煤灰作为火力发电厂产生的固体废弃物之一,具有产量高、成本低的特点。提出将粉煤灰在一定条件下合成沸石分子筛,并进一步制备粉煤灰基沸石负载改性二氧化钛材料,将其作为颗粒系应用材料,用于尾焰红外辐射的抑制,可以实现变废为宝,在降低制备成本的前提下保护了环境与人类健康,促进社会的可持续发展。对目前沸石各成分抑制红外辐射效果的研究进行了综述,利用其对高红外辐射气体的强吸附性以及改性二氧化钛的光催化性能进行可行性分析,设计了颗粒吸附和遮蔽喷射结构,充分展示了粉煤灰基沸石的优势,并对该材料在飞行器尾焰隐身方面的应用前景提出展望。     

Thermal radiative properties of zirconium oxide films in the near-infrared wavelengths

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) using yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide (YSZ) are widely used in gas turbines to protect metal components against the high combustion product temperature. Increasing combustion temperature and pressure, radiative heat transfer becomes an essential portion of the overall heat transfer in TBCs. This necessitates a greater understanding of the thermal radiative properties of YSZ films, especially in the near-infrared wavelength range. The commonly used Kubelka–Munk (KM) method in the radiative property reduction from the measured transmittance and reflectance spectra of YSZ films can incur inaccurate results when the coating optical thickness is not sufficiently large. The discrete ordinates method with the asymmetric spherical ring angular quadrature can solve the radiative transfer equation with good accuracy in optically thin media. Considering the solution accuracy and computational efficiency, a hybrid approach of combining the KM and discrete ordinate methods is used to invert radiative properties. The absorption and scattering coefficients of air plasma sprayed YSZ films are determined over the wavelength range from 1 to 2.6 μm at room temperature. Over this near-infrared wavelength range, the scattering coefficient decreases with the increasing wavelength, and the absorption coefficient is very small overall.     

红外光谱法研究聚苯并咪唑的热降解性能

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),研究了聚[(2,2′-间-苯基)-5,5′-二苯并咪唑](简称聚苯并咪唑,PBI)膜及其磷酸掺杂膜分别在N2、空气氛围中的热降解过程,并与这2种膜的热失重分析结果进行对比.结果发现,在N2中直到450℃时PBI的结构都没有大的变化,而在空气中达450℃时PBI结构发生了变化.从磷酸掺杂PBI膜的FTIR发现,除了PBI结构变化外,磷酸在其中的存在形态也随着温度的升高而变化.在温度升高过程中掺杂体系中的H2PO4-逐渐减少,而H3PO4则逐渐增多.     

锚杆与围岩相互作用的红外辐射定量研究

为了满足锚杆与围岩相互作用的红外辐射变化的处理要求,进行了实验红外热像数据的提取和锚杆作用区域的定量化分析。通过对受载锚固体的红外热像进行相减去噪和数据拟合,得到了锚杆与围岩相互作用的红外辐射等温线图,实现了锚杆横向作用范围的红外辐射温度场的提取,并将该方法应用于锚杆支护的巷道围岩变形及破坏过程的红外热像处理与分析研究,得到了巷道围岩变形过程中的多根锚杆共同的作用范围,为锚杆支护设计提供间距、排距的理论依据。     

火灾逃生自动诱导系统的研究

论述了采用红外探测技术和计算机虚拟仿真技术实现对火灾现场的“三定”（定位、定性、定量探测），从而有效地解决了对火灾的早期预警，并能准确及时地提供火灾现场逃生的诱导信息。     

色彩传递算法在不同色彩空间中的成像效果研究

为了在红外与可见光图像融合系统中,评价不同色彩传递算法在不同色彩空间中的成像效果,分别在YCbCr色彩空间和lαβ色彩空间中,采用全局色彩传递算法和点对点色彩传递算法分别对一组图像进行效果对比研究,并使用客观评价方法对处理结果进行计算分析,所得到的评价结果与主观评价结果基本一致。经过实验对比,客观评价方法的结果与主观评价方法的结果一致,色彩空间的选择对色彩传递算法的最终效果有显著的影响,在YCbCr空间中,全局色彩传递效果好于点对点色彩传递效果;在lαβ空间中,点对点色彩传递效果好于全局色彩传递效果。     

基于关联信息的红外微波复合探测技术研究

针对红外微波复合探测的目标识别问题,提出了基于关联信息的多传感器复合探测目标识别方法,通过红外与微波传感器对真实探测目标和虚假干扰目标的回波差异分析,采用关联信息融合的方法提取相应的特征参数进行对比与分析。在此基础上建立了红外微波传感器探测目标识别的数学模型,并分析研究了基于关联信息的红外与微波复合探测目标识别问题,最后通过实验的方式加以验证并得出结论,该种方法在目标探测及识别方面具有较为显著的效果。